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八年级下册教案英语

时间: 新华 教学设计

八年级下册教案英语篇1

Teaching goals(教学目标)

1.Vocabulary: hard-working ,report card ,can do better ,speaking ,listening ,average ,surprise .

2.Patterns: What did your math teacher say ? He said he could speak three languages .

3.直接引语和间接引语的转换。

4.写成绩报告单,并能将自己的成绩报告给他人。

Important and difficult points (教学重难点)

1.个人Report card 的写作。

2.直接引语转换间接引语中,注意一些关键动词的变化和人称代词的变化。(宾语从句)

Teaching aids(教具):teaching cards , pictures and a tape recorder .

第一课时

Teaching contents(教学内容)

SectionA 1a,1b,1c,2a,2b,2c,Grammar focus .

Teaching procedures(教学步骤) :

Step 1 Leading in(导入话题,激活背景知识)

Ask several Ss what they are going to do after school .Write their sentences on the Bb .

Step 2 Pre-task(任务前活动)

Say, These Ss talk about what they are going to do after school ,if you want to tell a friend what they said ,how would you tell him ?

Write the words “He said” and “She said” on the Bb .Say,We can use the words “He said” and “She said” to tell your friend like this :He/She said he/she was going to play basketball after school .Get the Ss to repeat .

Repeat this process with the other sentences on the Bb .

Step 3 While-task(任务中活动)SB Page 26 , 1a .

1.Ask a student to read the four questions .

2.point out the TV screens in the picture .Ask one student to read what the person says in the first picture .Then ask another student :What did she/he say ? Help to answer :She/He said she/he was having a surprise party for Lana on Friday night .

3.Repeat with the other pictures .

SB Page 26 , 1c .Pairwork.First Ss work in pairs ,then ask some pairs to present their dialogues to the class .

SB Page 26 , 1b .Play the recording and correct the answers .

Step 4 Post-task(任务后活动)SB Page 27 , 2a & 2b .

1.Ask several Ss to read these sentences .

2.Play the recording .Ss circle their answer . 3.Check the answers .

Step 5 Grammar Focus

1.Review the grammar box by ask Ss to say the statements .

2.Explain: In each case ,the direct speech talks about present situations and the reported speech talks about past situations .

Step 6 Homework(家庭作业)

用she/he said 将直接引语改为间接引语。

1. I am a clever girl . 2. I am having lunch at school .

3. I can dance well . 4. I play football every day .

5. I don’t like my younger brother .

八年级下册教案英语篇2

教学目标

一、知识与技能

1.学习并掌握现在完成时的用法,学习有关音乐的词汇。

2.阅读短文获得正确信息的能力。

3.能够通过彼此交流了解歌曲、歌手、乐队的信息并能作评论。能够运用阅读策略来获得文章大意。

4. 掌握现在完成时的用法,学习有关音乐的词汇。

5. 培养学生的听力能力。

二、过程与方法

阅读,感受,模仿,实践。

三、情感态度与价值观

激发学生对音乐的热爱。

教学重点

1.学习并掌握现在完成时的用法,学习有关音乐的词汇。

2.阅读短文获得正确信息的能力。

教学难点

能够运用阅读策略来获得文章大意,从而提高阅读效率。

教法导航

激励学生认真阅读,认真思考。

学法导航

通过阅读,模仿学习新知识。

教学准备

图片,多媒体。

教学过程

Step 1 Greetings

Greet the students as usual.

Step 2 Warming up

Show some pictures about singers and musicians. Ask and answer:

Who is your favorite singer or musician? Why do you like him or her?

Step 3 New words

Learn the new words:pop,rock,band.

The students read the words one by one. Then they have a dictation.

Step 4 Listening

The students go through the sentences in 1b.

1b, Listen to a conversation between Alex and Dave. Write A for Alex and D for Dave next to each opinion.

____ The Toms must be popular.

____ The Toms play pop music.

____ The Toms’ music sounds more like rock.

____ Listening to The Toms is a good way to wake up.

1c, Listen again. Take notes.

Listen for a third time and check the answers.

Step 5 Speaking

1d, Ask your friends and parents what kind of music they listen to and why. How does the music make them feel?

Ask the students to make a conversation like:

A:What kind of music do you listen to?

B:I listen to pop music.

A:Why do you listen to it?

B:I like it because….

A:How does the music make them feel?

B:It makes me relaxed.

Step 6 Discussion & Reading

2a, Discuss the questions with a partner.

1.Do you have a favorite singer or band?

2. Do you have a favorite song?

3. What facts do you know about your favorite singer,band or song?

Reading guidance:

1. Read the passage and make notes or underline the main idea of the text.

2. After reading,write a short summary in your own words.

在讨论的过程中,教授新单词。

Step 7 Reading tasks

Read the passage and complete the fact sheet.

Country Music Fact Sheet.

Where it is from:___________________

What kind of music it is:_____________

A famous country music place in Nashville:_______________

A famous country music singer:____________

The number of records he has sold:_____________

2c Read the passage again and underline the main ideas. Then use the underlined text to write short answers to the questions below.

First paragraph:

Who is Sarah? Where is she from? What does she like?

Second paragraph:

What is country music? What is country music about?

Third paragraph:

What is Sarah’s dream? Who is Garth Brooks?

Step 8 Writing

2d, Use the notes you made in 2c to write a short summary of the passage. Write no more than 100 words.

示例:

Sarah is an American girl. She likes country music. She is a fan of country music. Country music is a traditional music from the southern states of America. Many songs are about modern life in the US,such as the importance of money and success. Sarah’s dream is to go to Nashville because Garth Brooks is there. She likes to listen to his songs. Garth is one of the most successful musicians in American history.

课堂作业

1. Ask the students to write the following phrases and words.

used to过去常常 fight over争吵 return home回家

on the radio在收音机上 make sb. do sth.使某人做某事 think about考虑

come to realize逐渐认识到 ever since自从…以来

the home of…的家 such as例如 belong to属于

be kind to sb.对某人友好 trust one another互相信任 remind sb. that…使某人想起

have been to去过 do research on研究 hope to do sth. 希望做某事

2. 单选题

1. ---Where is John?

---He ______ the science lab.

A. has gone to B. has been to C. went to

2. ---Where is my sister, mum?

---She ___ to the library. She will be back soon.

A. has been B. is going C. has gone D. will go

3. ---May I speak to Lin Tao?

---Sorry,he is not in.

---He ______ to Changsha.

A. has been B. has gone C. went

参考答案:1. A 2. C 3. B

教学反思

教师一定要想办法使阅读课变得生动有趣,并且教授给学生一定的阅读策略。另外,掌握住“practice makes perfect”的原则,使学生在训练中逐步掌握本课的重点。

八年级下册教案英语篇3

I. 教学目标:

1. 掌握本课关于天气的生词和短语;

2. 学习和了解怎样谈天气;

3. 掌握There be句型的时态和结构变化。

II.自主学习:

1. 拼读生词。

2. 回顾并整理有关天气的词汇和句子。

3. 朗读课文,完成Ex 1。

4. 阅读理解:朗读课文,完成任务:

1) What is Danny doing ?

2) Why is today’s weather strange?

3) Talk about the weather today.

5. 找出文中重点内容并展示在黑板上。

6. 整理自己的知识难点。

7. 结合图标,猜测“Dig In”中有关天气状况的词汇。

III. 释疑解惑:

1. on the radio: 在播音; 通过广播

2. 10°C:ten degrees centigrade

3. It is going to rain. 天要下雨。

4. There be

e.g. There is a child near the door.

---Is there a child near the door?

There is not a child near the door.

There are some books on the desk.

There ___ (be)a pen and some books on the desk.

There will be lots of fresh meat tomorrow.

5. be scared of ≈ be afraid of: I am scared of thunder.

6. 观察下列单词的构成:afternoon, sunset, sunrise, thunderstorm, etc. 要求学生总结结论,并完成Ex 3。

IV. 当堂检测:

1. 根据句意及首字母或汉语提示填空:

1) I was caught in the rain in a ___________(阵雨) on my way to school.

2) In Britain, the sun ______(落下)much later in summer.

3) We need to know the ________(准确的) time.

4) They are talking about s________ and sunset.

5) Please don’t go out this afternoon. There will be a heavy t________.

2. 单项选择:

1)Jane wanted to learn English _____ the radio.

A. in B. with C. through D. on

2) _____ is the temperature today?

A. What B. How C. How many D. How much

3) Don’t be _____ the young man.

A. scared to B. scared of C. angry to D. angry of

4) ---- Do you think it will be cool tomorrow?

---- _____. It has been too hot for a week.

5) There _____ be a rain the day after tomorrow.

A. shall B. are going to C. is going D. will

V. 任务布置:

1. 整理笔记,复习本课知识点;

2. 运用相关句式,口头练习天气预报的播报;

3. 完成《练习册》L1作业;

4. 按照既往要求,预习L2,初步完成Ex1 & Ex2.

八年级下册教案英语篇4

教学目标

一、知识与技能

1. 掌握重点词汇和短语:do the dishes,take out the rubbish,fold your clothes,sweep the floor,make your bed,clean the living room

2. 理解并掌握重点句型:Could you please…? Could I …?

3. 能听懂有关做家务和日常活动的对话。

二、过程与方法

采用情境教学法,调动学生的积极性,引导他们积极参与课堂。

三、情感态度与价值观

了解各种家务,能发现要做的家务并积极主动地去做。

教学重点

能用本课的重点词汇和句型对家务作出委婉请求。

教学难点

能抓住录音中的关键词。

教法导航

课上引导学生积极参与课堂活动,老师少讲,鼓励学生多练。

学法导航

加强小组合作学习,积极回答问题。

教学准备

图片,录音机,多媒体。

教学过程

Step 1 Greetings

Greet the students as usual.

Step 2 Lead-in

T:Good morning,boys and girls! I am always very busy on weekends. So my daughter often helps me with the housework. Do you often help your mother do the chores at home? (Write “chores” on blackboard and explain it.) Here “chore” means housework. Could you please tell me what chores you do at home?

S1:I often clean my room.

S2:I wash my clothes and fold my clothes.

S3:I clean the window.

S4:I make my bed and sweep the floor.

S5:I clean the living room.

T:Well, you are good boys and girls! We should try to be helpful and do some chores at home.

Step 3 New words and expressions

Ask the students to look at the picture on Page 17.

T:Look at the picture on page 17. What can you see?

S1:Peter and his mother.

S2:The dustbin is full.

S3:The floor is dirty.

S4:...

T:So there are a lot of chores to do,right? Help students to learn the following phrases about chores:clean the living room; do the dishes; sweep the floor; make the bed; take out the trash; fold the clothes

Step 4 Presentation

T:If you want to ask somebody to do chores,how can you ask in English?

S1:Can you do the chores?

S2:Could you please do the chores?

T:Which one do you think is better?

students:The second one.

T:Yes. We should say“Could you please do the chores?”instead of other ways because it sounds very polite. Write “Could you please ...?” on the blackboard.

Step 5 Pair work

T:In the picture,the mom asks the son to do some chores. What does she say?

S:Peter,could you please take out the trash?

T:Good! Today,we’ll learn how to make polite requests with could. It is very important to be polite in our life. Now work in pairs. Imagine you are the mom and the son in the picture. Ask your partner to do the chores that you see.

First ask two students to read the sample conversation in activity 1c. Then students make their own conversations. Call several pairs to demonstrate their conversations to the class.

Step 6 Listening

T:You will here a conversation between Peter and his mother. What kind of chores do Mom and Peter do? Check Mom or Peter.

Play the recording twice. For the first time students focus on the chores Mom does; the second time,focus on the chores Peter does. Then check the answers.

Step 7 A little game

Find out the best helper at home.

T:Do you often help your parents do the chores? Now let’s choose the best helper at home. First please write down all the chores from your memory on a piece of paper. Then check each chore you do at home. The one who check the most chores will be the best helper at home.

Step 8 Group work

T:Imagine we are going to clean our classroom this afternoon. You need someone to help you do some things. Think of the things you need to do and make polite requests to your partners. You may find these phrases useful.

Show the following phrases on the screen:carry some water,clean the desks,clean the chairs,clean the windows,clean the blackboard,turn off the lights,take down the old pictures,put up the new pictures,sweep the floor. After a few minutes,call several groups to show their conversations.

Step 9 Presentation

T:I can’t find my pen. But I have to write something now. What can I do?

S:You can borrow a pen from others.

T:But what should I say?

S:Can I use your pen?

T:But that doesn’t sound very polite. Any other idea?

S:Could I please use your pen? (Write the sentence on the blackboard)

T:Good! That’s a very polite way.

Step 10 Listening

Ask the students to look at the picture on Page 18. Then say:Look at the picture. That’s Peter and his father. Peter asks his father if he can do four things. Look at the chart in activity 2a. What are the four things? Ask a student to read the things aloud.

T:What does his father say? Now please listen to the tape and check ‘yes’ or ‘no’ in the chart. Play the tape twice. For the first time,they only listen. The second time,they check “yes” or “no”. Then check the answers with the whole class.

T:Why Peter’s father say no? What are his reasons? Let’s listen to the conversation again. Draw lines to the reasons in the chart. Before play the tape,ask a student to read the reasons given. Then play the tape. If necessary,play it again. Check the answers.

Help students to summarize different ways of answering the question “Could I...?” Yes,you can / I guess so / Oh, yeah / Sure. No, you can’t. ... / Sorry, but ...

Step 11 Pair work

T:Now look at activity 2c. Work in pairs. Student A is Peter who asks if he can do things. Student B is Peter’s father who says “yes” or “no”. If you say “no”,give a reason.

First get two students to read the sample conversation. Then students make their own conversations.

Step 12 Group work

T:Imagine we’ll have a self-study class this afternoon. You would like to do many different things. How will you ask your teacher for permission? Please do it in groups of four. One will be the teacher,and the others will be the students,make conversation like this:

S:Could I please listen to music?

T:No you can’t.

S:Could I please go to play basketball?

T:Sorry,you have to stay in class.

S:Could I please draw pictures?

T:Yes,you can.

After that,get several groups to demonstrate their conversations to the class.

Step 13 Homework

1. Suppose you are having a party,and you need more drinks and snacks. But you can’t leave the house. Ask your classmates for help. Write a dialogue between you and your classmate with “Could I please ...?”and “Could you please ...?”

2. Understand,read and role play the conversation in 2d.

课堂作业

1. ---Could you please s the floor?

---Yes,sure.

2. ---Could you please do the d ?

---Sorry,I can’t. I have to do my homework.

3. 我每天早上都整理床铺。

I ________ the ________ every morning.

4. 我父母让我晚上不要在外面呆得太晚。

My parents asked me not to ________ ________ late at night.

5. Could I watch the football match? (作肯定回答)

________,you ________.

参考答案:1. sweep 2. dishes 3. make, bed 4. stay out 5. Yes,can.

教学反思

多媒体能使整个教学过程表现为声、图、文并茂,使声音、图像、文字的呈现更自然。为此,在课堂上,教师应该为学生创造学习氛围,让学生时常有成功感和成就感,以便进一步激发学生学习的内在动力。在本堂课中应注意让发音较标准的同学多朗读,让思维敏捷的同学先回答问题,让善于观察的同学多纠正错误,让反应慢的同学多回答低难度问题。尽量使每个同学多动脑、多动口、多动手。

八年级下册教案英语篇5

一、教学目标:

1. 语言知识目标:

1) 能掌握以下单词:allow, wrong, guess, deal, work out

能掌握以下句型:

① —What’s wrong?

—I’m really tried because I studied until midnight last night.

② You could give him a ticket to a ball game.

③ I think you should ask your parents for some money.

④ Why don’t you talk to him about it?

2) 能了解以下语法:

(1)能够运用所学知识谈论问题和困难、提出建议并做出选择;

(2)能根据对方所提出的问题,给出一些合理的建议。

2. 情感态度价值观目标:

培养学生良好的合作意识,鼓励学生大胆表达自己的想法和意愿。正确认识生活中的一些困难,能采用正确的方式解决生活中的问题。

二、教学重难点

1. 教学重点:

1) Talk about the problems.

2) Learn the new language points.

2. 教学难点:

能根据对方所提出的问题,给出一些合理的建议。

学会表达建议的一些方式。

三、教学过程

Step 1 Warming up

1. 导入学生们平时在学校和生活中存在的问题。

T: What’s the matter/ What’s wrong?

S: He has too much homework to do.

T: Do he like to do it?

S1:No, he doesn’t. Because he doesn’t have any free time to do things he likes.

Step 2 Talking

1. Look at these problems. Do you think they are serious or not? Ss discuss with their partners and give some advice.

① I have to study too much so I don’t get enough sleep.

② I have too much homework so I don’t have any free time to do things I like.

③ My parents don’t allow me to hang out with my friends.

④ I have too many after-school classes.

⑤ I got into a fight with my best friend.

Step 3 Listening

1. T: Tell Ss to read the sentences in 1a again. Make sure they know the meaning of the sentences.

2. Play the recording for the Ss to listen and circle the problems you hear in 1a.

3. Play the recording again. Check the answers with the Ss.

Step 4 Pair work

1. Let Ss read the conversation in the box.

2. Use the information in 1a to make other conversations.

3. Let some pairs act out their conversations.

e.g. A: What’s wrong?

B: I’m really tied because I studied until midnight last night.

A: Why don’t you go to sleep earlier this evening?

4. Language points

1) allow v. 允许;准许

allow sb. (not)to do sth. (不)允许某人做某事

e.g. My parents don’t allow me to stay up late. 我父母不允许我熬夜。

Mr. Smith allowed Mike to drive there. 史密斯先生允许迈克开车去那里。

2) wrong adj. 错误的;不对的

= not right

e.g. Some words on the advertisement are wrong. 广告上的一些字错了。

Step 5 Listening

Work on 2a:

T: Peter has some problems. What advice does his friend give him? Fill in the blanks with could or should.

1. Let Ss read the sentences in 2a.

2. Play the recording for the Ss to listen and write the words in the blank.

3. Play the recording again to check the answers.

Work on 2b:

1. Let Ss read the sentences below. Explain some main sentences for the Ss. Make sure they know the meaning of each sentence.

2. Play the recording for the Ss to write the letters (a-e) next to the advice in 2a.

3. Play the recording again to check the answers.

Answers: 1. d 2. e 3. a 4. c 5. b

Exercise:

Listen again. Fill in the blanks.

Boy 2 had a ______ with his best friend. He could ______ him a letter. But he isn’t good at writing letters. He ______ call him ____, but he doesn’t want to talk about it on the ______. He ______ talk to him so that he can say he’s sorry but it’s not ____. He ______go to his house but he doesn’t want to _______ him. He could take him to the _____________, but he doesn’t want to wait that long.

Step 6 Pair work

1. Tell Ss to make a conversation using the information in 2a and 2b.

2. Let one pair to read out their conversation first.

3. e.g. A: What’s the matter, Peter?

B: I had a fight with my best friend. What should I do?

A: Well, you should call him so that you can say you’re sorry.

B: But I don’t want to talk about it on the phone.

4. Ss act the conversation in pairs. Ask some pairs to act out their conversations.

Step 7 Role-play

1. Ss read the conversations and try to understand the meaning.

2. Read the conversation after the teacher.

3. Practice the conversation with their partner. Then let some pairs to act out the conversation.

4. Explain some new words and main points in the conversation.

(1) guess

e.g. Let us guess the height of the building. 让我们来猜一下这个建筑物的高度。

(2) big deal, deal

big deal是英语中的一个固定搭配,表示 “重要的事情或状况”,多用于非正式交流。作否定用法时,常说It’s not a big deal或It’s no big deal.表示说话人并不认为某事有什么了不起。

e.g. There's a soccer game on TV this evening but I don’t have to watch it. It’s no big deal. 今天晚上电视上有一场足球赛,但我不一定要看。没什么大不了的。

It’s a big deal, David, bigger than you know.

这事挺重要的,戴维,比你所知道的要重要。

What's the big deal? It’s only a birthday, not the end of the world.

有什么了不起的?这不过是个生日,又不是世界某日。

(3) work out

work out 解决(问题);算出

e.g. Mike worked out the difficult problem by himself.

迈克自己算出了那道难题。

Is it possible to work out the problem? 有可能解决这个问题吗?

Homework:

Write three conversations about your problems and your friends’ suggestions.

A: I have too many after-school classes.

What could I do?

B: You could …

八年级下册教案英语篇6

教学目标

一、知识与技能

1. 掌握重点词汇和短语。

2. 通过听力训练来掌握提高学生们综合听说能力。

3. 通过阅读训练来让学生们逐步提高英语阅读能力。

二、过程与方法

上网查阅相关资料,反复听力,操练对话。

三、情感态度与价值观

能用一般过去时和过去进行时叙述过去的事,特别是重大突发事件。

教学重点

通过阅读训练来让学生们逐步提高英语阅读能力。

教学难点

阅读训练,来培养学生们的综合阅读能力。

教法导航

听、说、读、写四项基本技能相结合。引导学生进行泛读和精读。

学法导航

通过多种形式的运用,培养各种能力。

教学准备

图片,多媒体。

教学过程

Step 1 Greetings

Greet the students as usual.

Step 2 Revision

Ask some students to report their dialogues.

Step 3 Presentation

1a, Think of a time when you were late for or couldn’t go to an event. What was the event? What was the reason why you were late or couldn’t go? Tell your partner the story. Then ask some students to tell their stories.

Step 4 Listening

What happened to the girl? Let’s listen.

1b, Listen and write short answers to the questions.

1. What event happened at the school yesterday?

2. Who missed the event?

3. Which team won at the event?

Play the recording at least twice and give the students enough time to write down their answers. Then ask some students to report their answers.

1c, Listen again. Number the events [1-6] in the order they happened.

____ Kate saw a dog by the side of the road.

____ Kate got to the bus stop.

____ Kate called the Animal Helpline.

1 Kate left the house.

____ Kate waited for someone to walk by.

____ Kate realized her bag was still at home.

Ask some students to report their answers.

Step 5 Speaking

1d, Talk about why Kate missed the school basketball competition. Student A begins a sentence with while or when. Student B completes the sentence.

A:When she got to the bus stop,Kate …

B:When she got to the bus stop,Kate realized that her bag was still at home.

A:While she was running back home, …

B:While she was running back home,she saw a dog by the side of the road.

Encourage the students to make up as many dialogues as possible.

Step 6 Presentation

2a, Look at the pictures and the title in the passage. What do you think the passage is about?

Remind the students to talk about it in pairs. Then ask some students to report their answers.

Step 7 Reading

2b, Read the passage and answer the questions:

1. What are the two events in the passage?

2. When did they happen?

Ask some students to report their answers.

2c Read the passage again. Are the following statements true (T) or false (F),or is the information not given (NG)?

___ 1. Everyone in America remembers who killed Dr. King.

___ 2. Robert Allen was eating lunch when Dr. King was killed.

___ 3. Robert’s parents were shocked to hear the news.

___ 4. Kate Smith was watching a movie when a plane hit the World Trade Center.

___ 5. Kate didn’t think her friend was telling the truth about the event.

Ask some students to report their answers.

2d Underline sentences from the passage with similar meanings to the ones below.

1. Not everyone will remember who killed him,but they can remember what they were doing when they heard that he got killed.

2. No one said anything for the rest of dinner.

3. September 11,2001—— the date alone means something to most people in the US.

4. I had trouble thinking clearly after that because I was very afraid.

Ask the students to read the passage carefully and try to find out the answers.

Step 8 Language points

1.My parents did not talk after that,and we finished the rest of our dinner in silence.

in silence 沉默,无声

e.g. Many patients were waiting in silence. 许多病人在静静地等候着。

2. I didn’t believe him at first.

at first “起初,首先”,作为介词短语,只起副词作用(在句中用作状语)。 at first主要用于强调前后对照,暗示接下去的动作与前面的动作不同甚至相反,因此常有 but, afterwards,soon,at last等相呼应。

e.g. At first I didn’t want to go,but soon I changed my mind.

我开始不想去,但我很快就改变了主意。

Step 9 Pair work

2e, How much do you remember about the events in the passage? Test your partner.

A:When did Dr. Martin Luther King die?

B:He died on …

Ask some pairs to practice the dialogue.

Step 10 Homework

1. Remember the words and phrases in this lesson.

2. Finish the exercises in the workbook.

课堂作业

Translate the phrases.

1. 在历史上 2. 默默地 3. 首先 4. 讲实话 5. 做……感到吃惊 6. 做某事有麻烦 7. 如此……以致……

参考答案:1. in history 2. in silence 3. at first 4. tell the truth 5. be shocked to do sth. 6. have trouble doing sth. 7. so … that…

教学反思

2b部分课本上已经设计了很多阅读理解活动,但如果能再加一个写的活动更好。对于阅读理解中涉及到的两个重大历史事件,让学生在充分学习文章的基础上复述一下并写出来,不仅锻炼了学生的概括能力,又培养了学生的写作能力,同时复习巩固了本课的重点语法——过去进行时。

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